备战2009年小升初英语统考必备
一般过去时态是小升初英语语法常见考点,小升初英语统考在即,将一般过去时的相关知识点搜集,整理如下,供您备战2009年小升初英语时学习,参考!
一般过去时态
表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。
经常与yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年) two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。
如: I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。
When did you go to the park? (你是什么时候去的公园)。
I went to the park last week. (我是上周去的公园)
在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。
1. Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.
构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +宾语
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)
否定句:主语+was (were) +not+宾语
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+宾语
如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定句: No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。)
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语
如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的?
2. 实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.
肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语
如: I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家。)
否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语
如:I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。)
疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如: Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。)
否定回答:No, I didn't. (不,我没回家。)
3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下:
shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数
will―would(将要)用于所有人称
can ?could(能,会) may―might(可以) must―must (必须)
have to―had to(不得不)
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。
如: I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)
4.一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。
1) 一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。 如:play―played work―worked
2) 以e结尾的动词只加d. 如:like--- liked love―loved
3) 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词,变Y为I,再加ed. 如:study―studied carry―carried
4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最后这个辅音字母,再加ed. 如:stop―stopped
5. --ed的读音规则如下:
1) 在清辅音后面读[t]. work―worked [wE:kt] help―helped [helpt]
2) 在浊辅音或元音后读[d]. learn―learned [lE:nd]
3) 在[t] 和[d] 后读[id]. do―did[did]
6. 不以ed 结尾的过去式,称为不规则动词。我们常用的有:
am (是) --was, is(是)--was, are(是)--were, begin(开始)--began,
bring(拿来)--brought, can(能)--could, catch(捉住)--caught, come(来)--came,
cut(砍,割)--cut, dig(挖,掘)--dug, do(做,干)--did, draw(画画,拉)--drew,
drink(喝)--drank, drive(驾驶)--drove, eat(吃)--ate, fall(跌倒,落下)--fell,
feel(感觉)--felt, fly(飞)--flew, get(获得)--got, give(给)---gave,
go(去)--went, grow(生长)--grew, have (has)(有)--had, hurt(伤害)--hurt,
keep(保持)--kept, know(知道,认识)--knew, learn(学习)--learnt, leave (离开)--left,
let(让)--let, lie(躺,平放)--lay, make(使得,做)--made, may(可以)--might,
must(必须)--must, read(读)--read, ride (骑)--rode, ring (鸣铃)--rang,
run (跑)--ran, say (说)--said, see (看见)--saw, sell (卖)--sold,
send(送)--sent, set (放)--set, sing(唱歌)--sang, sit (坐)--sat,
sleep (睡觉)--slept, smell(闻)--smelt, speak(说话)--spoke, spend (花费)--spent,
stand (站立)--stood, swim (游泳)--swam, take (拿到)--took, teach(教)--taught,
tell (告诉)--told, think(认为)--thought, throw(投掷)--threw, understand(懂得)--understood,
wake(唤醒)--woke, wear(穿)--wore, will(将要)--would, win(获胜)--won,
write(写) --wrote
时态比较:现在一般时与过去一般式
1) Do you wish to see me?
Did you wish to see me?(表示婉转客气)
2) That's all I have to say.(我的话就这些)
That's all I had to say.(我要说的就这些)
3) How do you like the film? (看电影过程中)
How did you like the film?(看完电影后)
4) It is nice to see you.(见面时说)
It was so nice to see you.(离别时说)
5) I never like him. (没时间性)
I never liked him.(从来没喜欢过)
6) I think I know that voice.(没见客人时)
I thought I know that voice.(见到客人时,证明自己正确或错误)
7) Who is that? (哪人还在)
Who was that?(人已不在场了)
8) This cake is made at home. (家里常做这种蛋糕)
This cake was made at home.(这种蛋糕是自家做的)
一般过去时态的“三变”技巧
一变:肯定句变为否定句
【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:
I could get you a book. → I could not / couldn't get you a book.
【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:
I was at home when you called me. → I was not / wasn't at home when you called me.
【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:
The singer sang some Chinese songs. → The singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.
二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句
【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could read it . → Could he read it ?
【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:
Miss Zhang looked very old. → Did Miss Zhang look very old?
三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句
【技巧1】确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:
They gave the mooncake last night. → When did they give the mooncake?
【技巧2】辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:
He played basketball at school yesterday. → Where did he played basketball yesterday?