新概念英语第二册语法知识:名词
新概念英语第二册语法知识:名词
米粒妈咪课堂小编整理新概念英语第二册语法知识名词供大家参考学习。
名词:
(一)名词变复数
1.规则名词复数形式:
在单数名词后加“s” day → days week → weeks
2.在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加“es”。
hero → heroes box → boxes class → classes
bush → bushes watch → watches
3.黄金重点:
I.有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“s”。
II.以元音字母加o结尾的单词只加“s”。(不认识的单词,请你查词典,懒惰是学英语的唯一大忌。)
piano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,soprano教你一招 ☆
如果以O结尾的名词有生命力,则该词汇一般加-es。
hero,tomato,potato,Negro(黑人)[ 简记:黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。]
4.以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加“es”
family → families city → cities5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”
key → keys boy → boys play → plays toy → toys6.以f、fe结尾的名词,变 f / fe为 v加 es。
calf → calves knife → knives
۩ 当心当心:
I.下列名词直接加“s”。(请大声朗读三遍,然后背下。注意读音!)
roof(房顶),reef(暗礁),chief(首领),cliff(悬崖),grief(悲痛),turf(草皮), belief(信仰),gulf(港湾),dwarf(侏儒),safe(保险箱),sheriff(长官),tariff(关税)
II.scarf(头巾),wharf(码头),staff(全体职员),handkerchief(手帕)和 hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”,又可变 f为 v加 es.
(二)不规则名词复数形式
1. foot → feet mouse → mice goose → geese child → children ox → oxen louse → lice woman → women man → men
2.单复数同形:
sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works,
barracks(兵营) bellows(风箱) kennels(狗窝)
3.一些英语外来词的复数形式:
crisis→crises 危机
analysis→analyses 分析
oasis→oases 绿洲
parenthesis→parentheses 括号
axis→axes 轴心
ellipsis→ellipses 日蚀
hypothesis→hypotheses 假定
synopsis→synopses 内容提要
erratum→errata 勘误误表
addendum→addenda 补遗、附录
medium→media 媒体
(以上单词熟悉即可)
(三)复合名词复数形式
1.中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数:
bookshelf→bookshelves handful→handfuls
2.man和 woman构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数。
man servant → men servants
woman teache r→ women teachers
3.中间有连字符的合成次,在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变复数:
sister-in-law → sisters-in-law
looker-on → lookers-on
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief
4.下列合成名词在后一个词上变化:
sit-in→sit-ins, grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots
go-between→go-betweens
(四)名词所有格
1.在大多数名词末加“'s”
the boy's toy, men's work
2.以 s结尾的复数名词直接加“'”
the students' reading room
3.以 s结尾的单数名词加“'”
Dickens' novels the actress' performance4.合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”
her brother-in-law's piano.
Somebody else's books. (重要!)
【金牌重点】除用于有生命的人外,“'s”格还可用于度量衡、地域、天体及一些习语中:
an hour's drive, a mile's journey
ten pounds' weight, Beijing's weather
the earth's surface
a stone's throw 投石之距离
at one's wits end 智穷计尽
to one's heart's content 尽情地
by a hair's breadth 千钧一发
at a snail's pace 缓慢地
5.双重所有格:
如果被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词修饰。则要采用双重所有格。
a friend of mine (名词性物主代词)
a child of hers
the love poems of your sister's
注意区别:
● a portrait of her mother 她母亲的画像(画中人)
● a portrait of her mother's 她母亲拥有的画像中的一幅(不一定是她母亲的画像)测试精编
1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes' store
2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.
A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollars
C. tens-dollar D. ten-dollar's
3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.
A. wage and saving B. wages and saving
C. wage and savings D. wages and savings
4. I want ________ .
A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollar's worth
C. a dollar's worth of candy D. a dollar worth's candy
5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.
A. have B. had C. do D. has
KEYS
1. C 2.A 3.D 4. C 5.A
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