新概念英语第三册语法 新概念英语第三册语法总结

　　新概念英语第三册语法 新概念英语第三册语法总结

　　米粒妈咪课堂小编整理新概念英语第三册语法总结供大家参考学习。

　　反意疑问句

　　1.一般用法：

　　He is a student, isn't he?

　　He isn't a student, is he?

　　(1) “have to, had better, used to”要用下列方式反问：

　　He has to finish the work, doesn't he?

　　They used to smoke, didn't / usedn't they?

　　You'd better get up immediately, hadn't you?

　　(2) “has, have”作为助动词和实意动词，反问形式不同。

　　We have done all the work, haven't we?

　　You have some time, don't you?

　　2. “seldom, barely, hardly, scarcely, few, little” 语意本身是否定，因此反意问句应为肯定形式。

　　She seldom comes to visit us, does she?

　　He hardly knew it, did he?

　　3.当主句为祈使句，反意问句提出要求，命令应用 “will you”

　　Do it at once, will you?

　　但如表示邀请，劝告，反意问句用 “won't you”

　　Have a cup of tea, won't you?

　　4.否定祈使句应用 “will you” 来反问。

　　Don't open the window, will you?

　　5. “Let's” 短语

　　● 当其为肯定形式，“shall we” 提出反问

　　Let's play basketball, shall we?

　　● 当其为否定形式，“all right, ok” 提出反问

　　Let's not go to the party, all right?

　　● 如为 “let us ...” 其反问形式应为 “will you” 提出请求

　　Let us go home, will you?

　　6.当 “think, suppose, consider, believe” etc 被用作为主句谓语动词，其后带有宾语从句时，反意疑问问句应与从句保持一致。

　　I don't think that he is an honest man, is he?

　　定语从句

　　1.由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。

　　(下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出!)

　　e.g.1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.

　　2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.

　　3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.

　　4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.

　　5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

　　6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.

　　7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.

　　8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.

　　9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.

　　10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.

　　2.只能用that和who引导的定语从句

　　A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时

　　B.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which

　　C.先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等词修饰时，引导词只能用that

　　D.当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，后面要用who或whom

　　e.g. All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。

　　3.as 引导定语从句

　　A.引导限制性语从句。

　　在此类定语从句中，as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成，"such... as"，"the same... as"和"as ...as"句型，可代替先行词。

　　e.g. We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。

　　B.as 引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与which相同，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。

　　(这是语法考试的一个考点。)

　　注意区别：

　　as 引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。

　　e.g. As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.

　　据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。

　　状语从句

　　① 原因：because, since, now that(既然)as, for, this reason ...

　　② 结果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result ...

　　③ 时间：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays ...

　　④ 条件：if, only if, once, unless, in the event (that), in case (that), provided that, on the condition that ...

　　⑤ 让步：though, although, even though (if), no matter what / how / when→ whatever / however / whenever ...

　　⑥ 目的：in order that, in order to, to,

　　⑦ 比较：than, as ... as, by comparison(相比较)，by contrast(相对照)...

　　名词性从句

　　王牌要点：通常由 that或疑问词导出。

　　1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.(主语从句)

　　2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.(宾语从句)

　　3. The problem is what we'll do next.(表语从句)

　　4. We have no idea that he has come back.(同位语从句)

　　同位语(Appositive)：

　　同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是各类考试中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。

　　《新概念英语》 第三册第一课有这样一个句子： When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.(当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。)

　　在这里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在 “reports”后面，这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo的后面，目的是让句型显得更为稳重。

　　I.简单记忆：同位语从句，就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。

　　I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. (that 引导的句子解释了news的内容，注意：that不做任何成分)

　　We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad. (that 引导的句子解释了fact的内容)

　　II.联想记忆：

　　能接同位词从句的名词有：belief(信仰)，fact，idea，doubt，rumor(谣言)，evidence(证据)，conclusion(结论)，suggestion(建议)，problem，order，answer，discovery(发 现)explanation(解释)，principle(原则)，possibility(可能性)，truth，promise(承诺)，report(报告)，statement(声明)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，likelihood(可能性)

　　III.王牌要点：

　　● 同位语一般由that引导，但也可以用关系代词which, who, what和关系副词when, where, why, how或 whether 引导。

　　There arouse the question whether we could win the game.

　　I have no idea howto explain it.

　　● 一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。(非常经典之功能句式，可用于四六级和托福作文，不妨一试!)

　　on the assumption(在……前提下)，

　　on the ground(由于……原因)，

　　on the condition that(在……条件下)，

　　with the exception(有……例外)

　　owing to the fact(由于……事实)，

　　on the understanding(基于……理解)

　　e.g. The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa. (那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头，条件是他给她买一幢别墅。)

　　IV.分隔式同位语从句

　　为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻，有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾，(读两遍此定义，然后看倒句：)

　　An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter.

　　I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie "Titanic".

　　V. 同位语从句与定语从句之区别

　　简单记忆：定语从句的引导词 that 或 which在句子中用作主语或宾语，而同位语从句的引导词that只起连接主句和从句之作用，不用作任何成分。

　　e.g. I've got an answer that A is right. (同位语从句，that 不做成分)

　　I've got an answer that surprised me a lot.(定语从句，that做定语从句的主语)

　　VI.王牌重点：可以充当同位语的词组或短语。

　　1)名词短语。(使句型更为简洁)

　　Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998.

　　Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.

　　2)动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别忘了加逗号。(使句型更为流畅)

　　I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball.

　　Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.

　　3)不定式短语。(陌生只是掌握的开始)

　　The problem what to do next remains unsolved.

　　Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.

　　4)形容词词组。(有逗号隔开)

　　All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.

　　Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.

　　VII. 同位语的引导词。(重要!这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分)

　　引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系：

　　1.namely, that it is, that is to say(也就是说), in other words(换句话说), or, for short 表示等同关系。

　　2.such as, say, so to speak(譬如说), including(包括), for instance(或 for example (e.g. / eg)，表示举例和列举关系。

　　3.especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重点，(在高难度阅读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。)

　　倒装句

　　根据语法要求，把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒装，把助动词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。

　　1.副词如：in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc. 句子倒装。(完全倒装，但主语不能是代词)

　　Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor.

　　In came Miss Green.

　　特别注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装。

　　Away she went! (她走了!)

　　Here you are! (你在这儿!)

　　2.only + 副词(介词短语)位于句首，句子要倒装。

　　Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.

　　Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.

　　3.well, so, often, such, few, little 放于句首，句子形成倒装。

　　So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun.

　　Well did I know him and well did he know me.

　　4.否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时，句子须倒装。此类词有： neither，nor，hardly，scarcely， rarely，seldom，not，never，not only，barely，at no time，nowhere等。

　　— Jack could not swim.

　　— Neither could Tom.

　　Never have I seen such a good movie.

　　5.as引导让步状语从句，须倒装。(准确地说，是将需要强调的词提到as的前面。)

　　Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity.

　　Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautifully.

　　6.在表示祝愿的句子中。

　　May you make greater progress! (愿你取得更大进步!)

　　7.在虚拟条件句中，连词if省略时，句型要倒装，即将were, had, should等词提到句首。

　　Were I you, I would go abroad to take advanced study.

　　我要是你，就出国进修了。

　　Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem.

　　他要是明天来的话，他会帮我们解决这个问题的。

　　8.百分特例重点：

　　Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want.

　　代替与省略

　　英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。

　　(1) 从上两例中看出，do / does / did 代替动词。

　　He translated the article better than I did. (did代替wrote it)

　　— Do you think she is clever?

　　— I think so. (so代替 she is clever)

　　(2) "so与not" 代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作宾语。

　　— Is it correct?

　　— I'm afraid not. (not correct)

　　(3) "to" 用作不定式，常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc.

　　I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go to the party)

　　(4) "do so, do that, do it" 用来代替动态动词，而不能代静态动词。

　　— He gave up studying English.

　　— Why did he do so? (= give up studying English)

　　— The dish tastes nice.

　　— Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)

　　(此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词。)

　　(5) 为使语言精炼，避免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。

　　— He is thinking of buying a car?

　　— Is he? (这里，“thinking of buying a car”被省略了。)

　　— Will he come back in time?

　　— Perhaps. (省略了he will come back in time.)

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